@article{oai:shiga-med.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003353,
 author = {清田, 弥寿成 and 築山, 智之 and 浅見, 拓哉 and 小林, 憲市 and 岩谷, 千鶴 and 土屋, 英明 and 中家, 雅隆 and 等, 誠司 and 中村, 紳一郎 and 河内, 明宏 and 依馬, 正次 and Seita, Yasunari and Tsukiyama, Tomoyuki and Azami, Takuya and Kobayashi, Kenichi and IWATANI, Chizuru and TSUCHIYA, Hideaki and Nakaya, Masataka and Tanabe, Hideyuki and Hitoshi, Seiji and Miyoshi, Hiroyuki and Nakamura, Shin-ichiro and Kawauchi, Akihiro and Ema, Masatsugu},
 journal = {Biology of Reproduction},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered to be the most valuable models for human transgenic (Tg) research into disease, because human pathology is more closely recapitulated in NHPs than rodents. Previous studies have reported the generation of Tg NHPs that ubiquitously overexpress a transgene using various promoters, but it is not yet clear which promoter is most suitable for the generation of NHPs overexpressing a transgene ubiquitously and persistently in various tissues. To clarify this issue, we evaluated four putative ubiquitous promoters, cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and chicken beta-actin (CAG), Elongation factor 1α (EF1α), Ubiquitin C (UbC), and CMV, using an in vitro differentiation system of cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESCs). While the EF1α promoter drove Tg expression more strongly than the other promoters in undifferentiated pluripotent ESCs, the CAG promoter was more effective in differentiated cells such as embryoid bodies and ESC-derived neurons. When the CAG and EF1α promoters were used to generate green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Tg monkeys, the CAG promoter drove GFP expression in skin and hematopoietic tissues more strongly than in ΕF1α-GFP Tg monkeys. Notably, the EF1α promoter underwent more silencing in both ESCs and Tg monkeys. Thus, the CAG promoter appears to be the most suitable for ubiquitous and stable expression of transgenes in the differentiated tissues of Tg cynomolgus monkeys and appropriate for the establishment of human disease models., Journal Article},
 title = {Comprehensive evaluation of ubiquitous promoters suitable for the generation of transgenic cynomolgus monkeys†.},
 year = {2019}
}